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Ivan the Terrible - The First Tsar and His Terror
Start here because Ivan invents the job every other person in this collection inherits. The first Russian ruler crowned tsar, in 1547, he expands Russia east and south, then turns the state inward with the oprichnina, a personal terror apparatus that gutted the nobility and sacked Novgorod. He is said to have struck his heir a fatal blow in 1581 - contemporaries treated it as rumour - and the dynasty ran out.
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